When pillar candles develop a white, cloudy, or frosted appearance on the surface, it is known as "candle frosting." This is a common occurrence and is caused by a few different factors:

1. Natural Wax Properties: Candle frosting is more commonly observed in candles made from natural waxes like soy wax or beeswax. These waxes have a tendency to frost due to the presence of natural compounds and the crystallization of the wax as it cools and solidifies.

2. Temperature Fluctuations: Rapid or extreme temperature changes during the cooling process can contribute to frosting. If the candle cools too quickly or if there are variations in temperature, it can result in the wax crystallizing and appearing frosted.

3. Air Exposure: When the candle is exposed to air while cooling, it can lead to frosting. The interaction between the wax and the oxygen in the air causes the formation of tiny crystals on the surface of the candle, resulting in the frosted appearance.

4. High-Quality Wax: Paraffin and other high-quality waxes can also experience frosting. The purity and composition of the wax can affect its tendency to frost.

It's important to note that candle frosting is a natural characteristic and does not affect the quality or performance of the candle. In fact, some people appreciate the frosted look as it adds a unique and rustic charm to the candles. However, if you prefer a smooth and polished appearance, there are a few measures you can take:

1. Cooling Process: Ensure that the candles cool at a steady and consistent rate in a draft-free environment. Avoid placing them in areas with fluctuating temperatures or near sources of cool or warm air.

2. Double Pour Method: To minimize frosting, you can try the double pour method. Allow the initial pour of wax to cool partially, and then pour a second layer of melted wax on top. This can help to smooth out any frosting that occurred during the initial cooling phase.

3. Heat Gun: If frosting does occur, you can use a heat gun or a hairdryer set on low heat to gently warm the surface of the candle. The heat will cause the wax to melt slightly and reduce the frosting.

4. Testing Different Waxes: If frosting is a significant concern for you, you can try experimenting with different types of wax. Each wax type has its unique characteristics, so exploring different options might help you find one that frosts less.

Remember that frosting is a cosmetic issue and does not affect the candle's burn performance or scent throw. Embrace the natural beauty of candle frosting or implement these techniques to minimize its appearance, based on your personal preferences.

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